Essential knee terminology
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- Haemangioma search for term
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A haemangioma is a kind of blood vessel tumour formed by the overgrowth of blood vessel lining cells.
- Haemarthrosis search for term
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Haemarthrosis is bleeding into a joint (haem' means blood and 'arthrosis' means joint).
- Haematoma search for term
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A haematoma is a collection or pooling of blood in an area of the body, creating a clotted lump.
- Haemopoietic stem cells search for term
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A haemopoietic stem cell is a stem cell derived from blood or bone marrow that is capable of differentiating into the various cells of the blood.
- Hamstring search for term
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A hamstring is one of three muscles at the back of the thigh - semitendinosus, semimembranosus or biceps femoris - which work to bend the knee.
- Hamstring graft search for term
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A hamstring graft is a prepared ligament graft employing a harvested hamstring tendon.
- Hamstrings search for term
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The 'hamstrings' or 'hamstring muscles' are the muscles at the back of the thigh - semimembranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris.
- Hamstrings autograft search for term
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A hamstrings autograft is when the hamstrings tendon (semitendinosus) is surgically removed for use as a graft in the same person.
- Hamstrings exercises search for term
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Hamstrings exercises strengthen the hamstrings muscles at the back of the knee.
- Hamstrings graft search for term
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A hamstrings graft is a ligament transplant using one of the hamstrings tendons from the back of the knee.
- Hamstrings graft harvest search for term
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A hamstrings graft harvest is a surgical operation to remove a hamstrings tendon from the inner aspect of the thigh, for use in a graft procedure.
- Hamstrings harvest search for term
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A hamstrings harvest is the stripping out of a hamstrings tendon for use in a graft procedure.
- Hamstrings injury search for term
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A hamstrings injury is an injury to the hamstrings muscles or tendons in the thigh or knee.
- Hamstrings stretch search for term
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A hamstrings stretch is a stretch of tight hamstrings muscles at the back of the thigh.
- Harpoon search for term
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A 'harpoon' in knee surgery is the term sometimes given to small bio-degradeable barbed devices which are shot through the two parts of a torn meniscus to hold the fragments together.
- Hauser procedure search for term
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The Hauser procedure used to be performed for recurrent dislocation of the patella.
- Health Professions Council search for term
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The Health Professions Council (HPC) is an independent, UK-wide health regulator for thirteen different professions including physiotherapy.
- Heel slides search for term
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Heel slides are knee rehabilitation exercises to improve early range of motion and decrease swelling.
- Heel slides (facilitated) search for term
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Heel slides which are facilitated are early knee rehabilitation exercises when the knee has been stiff after trauma or surgery.
- Hemarthrosis search for term
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Hemarthrosis is the American spelling of haemarthrosis.
- Hematoma search for term
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Hematoma is the American spelling of haematoma, which is an abnormal swelling of clotted blood within a muscle or tissue layer.
- Hemicallotasis search for term
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Hemicallotasis is a procedure where the bone (usually upper tibia) is cut through half its width and then the two parts are slowly distracted (pulled apart) using a special apparatus called an external fixator.
- hESC search for term
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HESC is an abbreviation for human embryonic stem cell - a stem cell derived from a human embryo.
- Heterotopic ossification search for term
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Heterotopic ossification is a condition where bone forms in places where it should not form, usually in soft tissue.
- High tibial osteotomy search for term
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High tibial osteotomy is a surgical procedure where the bone of the upper tibia is cut and re-angled to change the limb alignment.
- Hip abduction search for term
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Hip abduction is a knee rehabilitation exercise to improve range of motion of the hip and to strengthen the hip abductor muscles.
- Hip adduction search for term
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Hip adduction is a hip exercise that should be part of knee rehabilitation.
- Hip extensions search for term
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Hip extensions are hip exercises that are important in knee rehabilitation.
- Hip external rotation search for term
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Hip external rotation is a hip exercise relevant to knee rehabilitation.
- Hip external rotation & abduction search for term
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Hip external rotation and abduction are hip exercises that are relevant in knee rehabilitation.
- Hip flexion & adduction search for term
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Hip flexion and adduction are range of motion exercises of the hip that are relevant to knee rehabilitation.
- Hip flexions search for term
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Hip flexions are knee rehabilitation exercises to improve range of motion of the knee.
- HIV search for term
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HIV is an abbreviation of the term 'human immunodeficiency virus'.
- HO search for term
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HO is an abbreviation of 'heterotopic ossification', where bone forms where it should not form, usually in the soft tissues.
- Hoffa fracture search for term
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Hoffa fracture is a type of break in the femur bone (thighbone) the rounded condyle at the lower end, in the coronal plane and extending into the joint space.
- Hoffa's disease search for term
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Hoffa's disease is a disorder of the infrapatellar fat pad.
- Hoffa's sign search for term
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Hoffa's sign is pain and distress when straightening the bent knee while an examiner presses deeply with the thumbs on either side of the patellar tendon.
- Hoffa's syndrome search for term
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Hoffa's syndrome is pain in the front of the knee associated with irritation or scarring of the infrapatellar fat pad (Hoffa fat pad).
- Hoffa's test search for term
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Hoffa's test is a clinical test for a damaged or irritated infrapatellar (Hoffa) fat pad in the area behind the patellar tendon.
- Hopping search for term
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Hopping is a common knee rehabilitation exercise, usually a one-legged hop.
- Horizontal cleavage tear search for term
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A horizontal cleavage tear is a degenerative tear of a meniscus, extending into the meniscus substance, and cleaving it horizontally into two parts, like a clam.
- Housemaid's knee search for term
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Housemaid's knee is an inflammation of the bursa in front of the kneecap.
- HPC search for term
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HPC is an abbreviation of 'Health Professions Council'.
- HSC search for term
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HSC is an abbreviation for haemopoietic stem cell.
- HTO search for term
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HTO is an abbreviation of 'high tibial osteotomy'.
- Human immunodeficiency virus search for term
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus which causes AIDS.
- Human platelet lysate search for term
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Human platelet lysate is a blood extract that causes platelets to break down, releasing a large quantity of growth factors necessary for growing cells in the laboratory.
- Hyaline cartilage search for term
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Hyaline cartilage is the translucent covering at the end of joints where it is called articular cartilage, but it is also found in other parts of the body.
- Hyaluronic acid search for term
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Hyaluronic acid is a lubricating substance commonly used for knee injections in patients with knee arthritis.
- Hydrogel search for term
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Hydrogels are three-dimensional (3D) cross-linked networks that swell in water and can be used as scaffold for seeding cells and growth factors into tissues such as cartilage defects.
- Hyperextension search for term
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Hyperextension is when the knee can bend a bit backwards.
- Hyperextension injury search for term
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A hyperextension injury is one caused by excessive hyperextension (knee bending backwards).
- Hypermobility search for term
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Hypermobility means that the joints are unusually mobile.
- Hypermobility syndrome search for term
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A hypermobility syndrome is a group of symptoms and signs tending to occur together and in which the joints are unusually mobile.
- Hypertrophic search for term
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Hypertrophic is a descriptive term for abnormal overgrowth of an organ or a tissue.
- Hypertrophy search for term
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Hypertrophy means excessive growth.
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